三倍体虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)卵巢分化及滞育的调控机制研究     

徐革锋  牟振波  陈怀发  黄天晴  王炳谦  谷伟  户国  韩英 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(2):358-367

尽管与性别决定和分化的相关基因在二倍体虹鳟中已被鉴定出来,如Cyp19a1a、Foxl2、Dmrt1、Amh和Sox9,但关于三倍体雌性虹鳟独特性腺表型及其相关性别控制基因的表达规律仍未得到深入研究,尤其是早期卵巢发育阻滞导致的生殖细胞去分化特征。因此,本研究以三倍体雌性虹鳟性腺发育中起重要调控作用的特异候选基因作为重点研究对象,辅助性腺体细胞与生殖细胞分化方向的组织学证据和类固醇激素表达规律,验证了各基因间的级联调控关系。结果表明,虹鳟三倍体与二倍体卵巢的分化特征基本一致。虹鳟二倍体与三倍体性腺分别在84dpf和98dpf就已分化为卵巢。但三倍体虹鳟卵巢分化存在障碍,早期发育停滞,卵原细胞及其滤泡细胞数量有限。Foxl2和Cyp19a1a在二倍体虹鳟卵巢和精巢中均有表达,它们在卵巢中表达量均呈逐渐升高趋势,但在精巢中的表达量非常低;这两个基因在雌性三倍体虹鳟性腺中的表达呈先升高后降低的趋势,其表达量均在8月龄时期达到最大。Dmrt1、Amh和Sox9在二倍体精巢和雌性三倍体卵巢中的表达均呈不断上调趋势,这些基因上调可能与血清睾酮含量的增加相关,因为在10月龄时期这两种鱼的血清含量相对较高,而这三个基因在二倍体虹鳟卵巢中的表达却呈下调趋势。因此本研究认为,维持鱼类卵巢分化需要持续高水平的雌激素,这可能是脊椎动物进化过程中的一个保守特征。可以推断雌性三倍体虹鳟卵巢滞育将导致其体细胞去分化,这对于Cyp19a1a表达及雌二醇合成存在抑制作用。因为这些雌激素是用来维持它们分化和继续发育的,可能产生一个负反馈圈,之后去分化会增强。  相似文献   

The roles of serine protease, intracellular and extracellular phenoloxidase in activation of prophenoloxidase system, and characterization of phenoloxidase from shrimp haemocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide or dopamine     

谢鹏  潘鲁青  徐武杰  岳峰 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(5):1018-1027

We investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and dopamine(DA) on the activation of the prophenoloxidase(proPO) system of Litopenaeus vannamei.LPS and DA were shown with a negative dose-dependent effect on hyalne cells(HC),semi-granular cells(SGC),large granular cells(LGC),and total haemocyte count(THC).When haemocytes were treated with LPS or DA,serine proteinase activity and intracellular phenoloxidase(PO) activity were significantly reduced,but extracellular PO activity increased significantly.These findings indicated that the reduction in haemocyte counts was mainly because of the degranulation and activation of the proPO system from semi-granule and large granule cells.The PKC inhibitor,chelerythrine,and the TPK inhibitor,genistein,had an inhibitory effect on extracellular PO activity,while serine proteinase and intracellular PO activity increased.This suggests that the LPS and DA induce the activation of proPO in haemocytes via PKC and TPK-related signaling pathways,but serine proteinase may be activated only by PKC,as the genistein effects were not statistically significant.Electrophoresis analysis revealed that POs induced by LPS or DA have the same molecular mass and high diphenolase activity.Two PO bands at 526 kDa and 272 kDa were observed in PAGE,while in the haemocyte lysate supernatant(HLS),only a 272-kDa band was observed.This band was resolved after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing and reducing conditions into two groups of POs,166 kDa and 126 kDa,and 78.1 kDa and 73.6 kDa,respectively,suggesting that PO in L.vannamei is an oligomer,which may have different compositions intra-and extracellularly.  相似文献   

高邮凹陷戴南组断层－岩性油藏断层输导性能及演化     

董才源  刘震  刘启东  罗贝维  李储华  王伟俊 《现代地质》2013,27(3):688-694

基于高邮凹陷戴南组断层－岩性油藏断层现今与成藏期垂向正应力分析,研究断层垂向封闭性演化规律,并结合断层垂向输导模式划分,预测高邮凹陷戴南组断层－岩性油藏有利分布区。研究结果表明,断层垂向封闭性的临界正应力值为13.8 MPa,多数控藏断层在成藏期开启作为输导通道,现今则封闭成为遮挡条件,但偶有例外,邵深1油藏控藏断层在成藏期与现今皆封闭,此类油藏极有可能是自生自储;高邮凹陷发育有两种垂向输导模式,分别为高通和低通垂向输导模式,其中高通垂向输导模式中戴南组底砂岩发育,低通垂向输导模式戴南组底砂岩不发育。在断层封闭性演化研究和输导模式划分的基础上,认为联12油藏以东－永22油藏以西及邵14油藏以东伯东地区是高邮凹陷戴南组断层－岩性油藏发育的有利区带,邵深1油藏西北的邵伯次凹深处是断层－岩性油藏发育的较有利区带。  相似文献   

Mineral types and organic matters of the Ordovician-Silurian Wufeng and Longmaxi Shale in the Sichuan Basin,China: Implications for pore systems,diagenetic pathways,and reservoir quality in fine-grained sedimentary rocks     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

Mineral types (detrital and authigenic) and organic-matter components of the Ordovician-Silurian Wufeng and Longmaxi Shale (siliceous, silty, argillaceous, and calcareous/dolomitic shales) in the Sichuan Basin, China are used as a case study to understand the control of grain assemblages and organic matter on pores systems, diagenetic pathway, and reservoir quality in fine-grained sedimentary rocks. This study has been achieved using a combination of petrographic, geochemical, and mercury intrusion methods. The results reveal that siliceous shale comprises an abundant amount of diagenetic quartz (40–60% by volume), and authigenic microcrystalline quartz aggregates inhibit compaction and preserve internal primary pores as rigid framework for oil filling during oil window. Although silty shale contains a large number of detrital silt-size grains (30–50% by volume), which is beneficial to preserve interparticle pores, the volumetric contribution of interparticle pores (mainly macropores) is small. Argillaceous shale with abundant extrabasinal clay minerals (>50% by volume) undergoes mechanical and chemical compactions during burial, leading to a near-absence of primary interparticle pores, while pores preserved between clay platelets are dominant with more than 10 nm in pore size. Pore-filling calcite and dolomite precipitated during early diagenesis inhibit later compaction in calcareous/dolomitic shale, but the cementation significantly reduces the primary interparticle pores. Pore-throat size distributions of dolomitic shale show a similar trend with silty shale. Besides argillaceous shale, all of the other lithofacies are dominated by OM pores, which contribute more micropores and mesopores and is positively related to TOC and quartz contents. The relationship between pore-throat size and pore volume shows that most pore volumes are provided by pore throats with diameters <50 nm, with a proportion in the order of siliceous (80.3%) > calcareous/dolomitic (78.4%) > silty (74.9%) > argillaceous (61.3%) shales. In addition, development degree and pore size of OM pores in different diagenetic pathway with the same OM type and maturity show an obvious difference. Therefore, we suggest that the development of OM pores should take OM occurrence into account, which is related to physical interaction between OM and inorganic minerals during burial diagenesis. Migrated OM in siliceous shale with its large connected networks is beneficial for forming more and larger pores during gas window. The result of the present work implies that the study of mineral types (detrital and authigenic) and organic matter-pores are better understanding the reservoir quality in fine-grained sedimentary rocks.  相似文献   

长春城市蔓延机理与调控路径研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

黄晓军  李诚固  黄馨 《地理科学进展》2009,28(1)

城市蔓延是当今世界许多大城市普遍面临的问题.20世纪90年代以来,长春城市蔓延特征逐渐凸显并日趋严重,随之产生许多经济、社会和生态方面的负面效应.城市经济的高速发展、人口增长与空问扩散、开发区建设、机动化与交通设施建设、住宅扩散与郊区房地产开发以及城市规划的宏观导向等因素,都在不同程度上导致了长春的城市蔓延.为遏制长春"摊大饼"式的空间扩张和进一步的城市蔓延.借鉴国内外有效控制城市蔓延的相关理念和应对策略,从城市增长模式、空间优化布局、房地产开发控制与引导、快速交通体系建设、耕地与生态系统保护等五个方面提出了长春城市发展过程中消减城市蔓延的调控路径.  相似文献   

安徽某矿区强水敏性地层钻进泥浆的试验研究     

滕子军  金永军 《煤田地质与勘探》2002,30(6):63-64

针对富含钙蒙脱石的水敏性地层会遇水膨胀,导致钻孔缩径等问题,借鉴石油钻井中采用的正电胶MMH泥浆体系,在进行室内试验优选配方的基础上,进行了野外试验,取得了良好的效果。   相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地东部上古生界石千峰组低压气藏特征   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

杨华 姬红李振宏  孙六一 《地球科学》2004,29(4):413-419

鄂尔多斯盆地的气源主要来自于山西组-太原组的海陆交互相煤系地层, 上石盒子组沉积了一套巨厚的泥岩, 具有很强的封盖能力, 天然气很难穿层运移.近年来, 相继在盆地东部的石千峰组地层中发现了一系列次生气藏, 其形成机理逐步引起了勘探家的关注.根据次生气藏的特点, 结合包裹体测试计算, 认为其形成原因主要是由于下部超压地层进行超压释放, 从而在区域性盖层内部形成一系列泄压通道, 原生气藏泄漏而形成的.形成过程主要经历了下部高温高压原生气藏的形成、原生气藏泄压与次生气藏的形成、次生气藏的长时间调整3个阶段.   相似文献   

海洋线虫Litoditis marina低氧胁迫响应的转录组分析          下载免费PDF全文

李博  谢玉素  张留所 《海洋与湖沼》2023,3(3):786-798

全球气候变化导致海洋氧含量降低,海水低氧胁迫对海洋无脊椎动物的生长、发育和繁殖造成了严重的威胁。以海洋线虫Litoditis marina为实验对象,观察了其在不同氧浓度(21%、3%、1%和0.5%)条件下的生长发育速率,并对不同氧浓度条件下的L1幼虫样品进行了转录组测序和分析。实验结果表明,当环境氧浓度从21%下降至3%时, L. marina的发育成熟速度明显加快,进一步下降至1%时,产卵时间延长并和21%氧浓度接近,但当氧浓度为0.5%时,L.marina的产卵时间显著延迟。比较转录组分析表明,相比于21%氧浓度环境, 3%、1%和0.5%低氧条件下L. marina的糖酵解、糖异生、硫代谢和线粒体碳代谢等通路相关基因的表达显著上调;而寿命调控通路、细胞色素P450代谢通路和ABC转运蛋白相关基因的表达显著下调。研究结果发现的海洋线虫应对氧浓度胁迫的基因表达变化模式,为深入理解海洋无脊椎动物应答低氧胁迫分子机制提供了重要参考。  相似文献   

南黄海浮游植物初级生产力粒级结构与碳流途径分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

傅明珠  王宗灵  孙萍  李艳  李瑞香 《海洋学报》2009,31(6):100-109

根据2006年夏季与冬季南黄海真光层内浮游植物初级生产速率的实测数据,对比研究了两种差异显著的水动力条件下,不同粒级浮游植物初级生产力水平、时空分布特征及其环境调控机制,并探讨了真光层生源碳可能的碳流途径。研究结果表明,南黄海夏季总初级生产力(碳)平均为30.69 mg/(m2·h),高值区位于调查海域南部长江冲淡水影响区,冬季总初级生产力低于夏季,平均水平为21.73 mg/(m2·h),高值区北迁至海州湾附近;夏季不同粒径浮游植物对总初级生产的贡献率由高到低的顺序为小型(42.8%)、微型(29.6%)、微微型(27.6%),冬季的为微微型(41.2%)、微型(36.5%)、小型(22.3%);真光层初级生产力与环境因子的相关分析表明,水动力条件(混合与层化)引起的营养盐来源和光照的变化是初级生产力分布的主要控制因素;用生态比值法对南黄海碳流途径的分析表明,微食物环在冬夏两季碳流途径中均占有重要地位,从总体上看,南黄海浮游生态系统的碳输出潜力较弱。  相似文献   

太平洋次表层海温异常年际变率的信号通道与ENSO循环   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

陈永利  李琦  赵永平  王凡 《海洋与湖沼》2010,41(5):657-666

利用SODA海洋同化资料,分析了太平洋次表层海温异常(SOTA)年际信号变异特征与ENSO循环的联系。结果表明,热带太平洋的年际变率表现为以160°W为纵轴的东西向和以6°—8°N为横轴的南北向的跷跷板分布,南太平洋和北太平洋中高纬度海洋的SOTA则与热带西太平洋SOTA同号,但强度较弱,这些变化都与ENSO事件密切相关,是ENSO事件的两个主要模态,具57和44个月显著周期。ENSO循环期间,热带西太平洋SOTA强信号中心沿赤道东传,到达赤道东太平洋后加强并北扩,导致ElNi?o或LaNi?a事件,同时从热带西太平洋有较弱SOTA信号向东北和西南传播,在南、北太平洋中高纬度海域产生弱SOTA;同期位于热带东太平洋反号的SOTA强信号中心沿10°—15°N(平均12°N)西传,至热带西太平洋后加强并南扩,为下次LaNi?a或ElNi?o事件准备条件,同时在北太平洋中高纬度海洋还存在着反号弱的SOTA。如此周而复始,完成ENSO循环。太平洋次表层海温年际变化信号除在赤道及以北的热带太平洋存在一个逆时针方向的传播通道外,同时在热带西太平洋有异常信号向南、北太平洋中高纬度海域传播,并指出ENSO循环期间太平洋次表层海温异常年际变率信号传播的可能通道。  相似文献